This book is a critical edition of the French, American, and English motivations during the American War of Independence, because ''where there is no freedom of blaming, there can be no genuine praise''. (Beaumarchais). The American Revolution is in full swing. Deep in their hearts, the Canadians of the defunct New France will take advantage of the opportunity to free themselves from the English occupiers. But does France care about recovering this immense territory? For the first time without allies against France, England collapses in defeat under the applause of other European powers: Prussia, Austria, Spain, Russia, the Netherlands... Why didn't the French take advantage of this to take back New France from the humiliated England? From diplomatic documents, the author delivers in this book the key to this fascinating enigma.