Tree species are indispensable to human needs. Due to their long life cycle and environmental sensitivity, breeding trees for sustainable production is a formidable challenge in order to meet the demands of growing human population and industries. Fruit crops such as apple, cocoa, mango, citrus, litchi, pear, dates, and coconut or industrial crops including rubber and tea, improving yield under the optimal, sub-optimal and marginal areas call for a unified worldwide effort. While the uniqueness of coconut as 'kalpavriksha' (Sanskrit - meaning tree of life) makes its presence in every continent from Far East to South America, tree crops such as cocoa, oil palm, rubber, apple, peach and walnut prove their environmental sensitivity towards tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. Date palm is quintessential for desert climate. Thus, from soft drinks to breweries to oil to tires, the value addition offers a spectrum of products to human kind, enriched with nutritional, environmental, financial, and trade related attributes.

This volume is a compilation of information on breeding of temperate tree species and provides first hand comprehensive knowledge to research, teach, and make policies.

Tree species, spread across a wide range of genera, are indispensible to human life. Their breeding, poised to satisfy human needs, presents significant challenges. Tree crops face a variety of agronomic and horticultural problems in propagation, yield, appearance, quality, diseases and pest control, abiotic stresses and poor shelf-life. Additionally, shrinkage of cultivable land and the pressure of growing demand have resulted in growth of tree crops under marginal conditions that call for concerted efforts for their genetic improvement. Increased attention to the environment, sustainability and diet in recent years in turn magnifies the importance of study of these crops. With the use of modern molecular and biotechnological tools, the task of improving yield in tree crops is foremost in the acumen of future global agricultural research for sustainable production.

This 2-volume book series deals with both tropical and temperate tree crop species, and represents an effort toward compilation of all available worldwide research on these subjects. This volume covers the following temperate species: almond, apple, apricot, citrus, pear, plum, raspberry and walnut. The contributing authors are internationally-known specialists who provide first hand comprehensive knowledge. All contributory book chapters have been peer reviewed and revised accordingly. This book series is an indispensable reference for scientists, researchers, teachers, students, policy makers and planters.

S. Mohan Jain, Plant Biotechnologist, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

P. M. Priyadarshan, Plant Breeder, Rubber Research Institute of India.

From the reviews:

"Chapters are generally divided into several subsections, beginning with a botanical description of the crop and an overview of genetic resources available for breeding. The book highlights world production centers, crop uses, and value. ? Chapters also cover breeding techniques and the current employment of biotechnological applications for crop improvement. ? Each thoroughly referenced chapter provides an up-to-date review of literature that will be valuable for advanced readers. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students and above." (R. M. Warner, Choice, Vol. 46 (11), July, 2009)

"This volume is devoted to temperate fruits including two stone fruits, apricot and plums, three pome fruits, apple, pear and Citrus, a small fruit, raspberry, and two tree nuts, almond and walnut. It provides a good sample of temperate fruits and contributes effectively to presenting and understanding all aspects of breeding and crop production. ? the book covers a good range of information dealing with eight major temperature fruit crops. It is well documented and appropriate for readers interested in breeding of temperature fruits species." (Françoise Dosba, Annals of Botany, Vol. 104 (6), November, 2009)