A case study in opposition to religious authority in the pre-modern period, Geltner treats a phenomenon known as antifraternalism from a fresh methodological and documentary perspective. He challenges many assumptions made about the early history of the mendicant orders, and the origins, scale, and scope of resistance to them. This volume is a stimulating and innovative study that is enriched by archival evidence bringing a fresh perspective to the analysis of the friars' impact on the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.