The Authors: Christopher E. Smith earned his J.D. from the University of Tennessee and his Ph.D. in political science from the University of Connecticut. The author of twenty books, including The Supreme Court, Crime and the Ideal of Equal Justice (Peter Lang, 2003), Dr. Smith is Professor of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. Madhavi McCall earned her Ph.D. in political science at Washington University. She is Associate Professor of Political Science at San Diego State University. Her writings have appeared in American Politics Research and other journals. Cynthia Perez McCluskey earned her Ph.D. in criminal justice at the University of Albany, SUNY. She is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Texas-San Antonio. Her writings have appeared in Crime and Delinquency and other journals.