This book provides examples of culturally-relevant clinical adaptations as they apply to the largest Indian groups in the U.S.-the Navajo, Cherokee and Sioux. It also addresses the most severe mental disorders afflicting American Indians today-those of substance abuse and fetal alcoholism. This book provides historical and cultural foundations relevant to the traditional Navajo, Cherokee and Sioux, giving a basis for the culturally-specific clinical adaptations that are presented here. The unique therapy adaptations include cultural bibliotherapy for children and youth; a PanIndian synthesis of substance abuse therapy for Indian youth; survival therapy for Plains Indian adults and the use of the Navajo Beauty Way clinical model.